The Effects of Technology-based Instruction on the...

Review of Literature Introduction While the majority of studies of technology conducted in the field of education have more to do with the students’ ability to operate available technology, there is little research that attempts to determine on whether or not students can, through the use of technology affectively gain knowledge that goes beyond familiarity with the equipment itself. In the research conducted by Chang in 2008, the researchers revealed that students benefited from experience with technology in two interconnected ways. Students, with access to the Internet outside of school, were able to use this technology as a means of providing assistance with their schoolwork. Similarly, the students who used the Internet outside†¦show more content†¦Burns proclaims, â€Å"The focus is on the cognition and effect, on learning (on the acquisition, synthesis, accommodation, assimilation, generation, and transmission of new knowledge), and on the participant as a learner. Learning, in short, is out goal† (2007, p. 5, para, 3). Technology in the Core As mentioned before, it is very likely that the future of the human experience is going to be one that includes technology. Therefore, it is logical that there will be a need for the youth of today to be familiar with technology. â€Å"Technology implementation should be initiated at the core of curriculum planning and professional development opportunities should be made available to the teachers† (Ching 2009, p. 427 para. 1). In the study that was published, Ching (2009) addressed the incorporation of technology into all subjects within a curriculum. The study states, â€Å"The teachers, like the students, benefitted from interdisciplinary learning as it enhanced understanding of other subject areas and fostered appreciation of the knowledge and expertise of colleagues† (p.426, para. 3). Ching (2009) found that the incorporation of information technology beneficial to the learning outcome of the students who participated in the curriculum. Ac cording to Ching, â€Å"Results indicated that the experimental curriculum positively affected the academic performance of students by grade level and subject area† (p. 426, para.Show MoreRelatedStudents Are Not College And Career Ready Nationally1441 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Study Students are not college and career ready nationally and this is more than likely attributed to low reading abilities. This is an on-going problem that needs immediate attention. It is not a new problem but because of the advance changes and the technology driven mind of the 21st century we have a gap in our educational system. 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Buying behavior, TV advertisements, ethical and unethical. Free Essays

string(204) " areas whose minimum educational level would be the completion of GCE \(A/L\) and the advertisements done by companies who are operating in the FMCG sector inSri Lankawithin the time period of 2007-2008\." CHAPTER 1.1 INRODUCTION It is believed that the buying behavior of consumers can be influenced by vast promotions. Among all types of promotional techniques, TV promotions play a vital role in consumers’ buying behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Buying behavior, TV advertisements, ethical and unethical. or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Advertising perception has a significant impact on consumers’ intention to reject the products and the brand† (Chan et al, 2007). The marketers around the world use different kinds of promotion techniques as a tool of conveying the message about their products or services to the target consumers. Marketers tend to believe that all consumers around the world have similar needs as well as desires and that the global market is growing increasingly homogeneous (Chan et al, 2007). Therefore they try to capture the market through advertising without considering what customers expect from the firms. Due to the rapid growth in the media, all most all firms use TV as their media of promotion to grasp the target market. The Sri Lankan structure of advertising industry is also affected by globalization. At present, there are number of private and government advertising companies inSri Lanka. The advertising companies are also affected by the local FMCG companies. Due to the arising completion, companies should involve in vast promotions in order to capture the market before their competitors. It is believed that there is a relationship between TV promotions and buying behavior of consumers. In order to identify what the customer expects from marketers, it’s vital to carry out a research on how ethical and unethical TV advertisements affect on consumer buying behavior in FMCG industry inSri Lanka? 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT How ethical and unethical TV advertisements affect on consumer buying behavior in FMCG industry in Sri Lanka 1.3 PROBLEM JUSTIFICATION The companies that are operating in the FMCG industry inSri Lankashould focus on increasing their sales through identifying their customer expectations. Today almost all the organization around the world, use TV advertisements as a way of conveying the message about their product to the target market. Therefore it is important for marketers to identify the consumer perception about ethical and unethical TV advertisements and its impact on the company sales. Most of the companies do not analyze their customer expectations before they telecast their advertisements on TV. This has created a contradictory situation in the society which may result in negative perceptions about the product which is promoted through the advertisement. R.C. Earnest (2007), who conducted a research on ethnically targeted advertising, has found that â€Å"there were negative attitudinal, emotional, and behavioral reactions by those who are not targeted, which may result in a drop of sales.† With the arising competition, it’s important for organizations to find out the ways and means of satisfying customers in order to make the existing customer retain with the company and attract new customers through vast promotions. The level of understanding of what local customer expect from the marketers when they are doing their promotions through television is, questionable. It is important for organizations to understand and examine the impact of TV advertisements on consumer buying behavior in order to be successful in the future. 1.4 OBJECTIVES To identify how consumers react to unethical and ethical TV advertisements done by FMCG industry inSri Lanka. To find out the impact on buying behavior of the consumers depending on the ethicality and unethicality of the TV advertisements. To find out the relationship between different types of advertisements and buying behavior To find out what type of advertisements attracts more customers towards the product. To recommend alterations to enhance the quality of suitable TV advertisements inSri Lanka. 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Companies The buying behavior of the consumers would be analyzed with regard to the TV advertisements done by companies who are operating in the FMCG industry inSri Lanka. This study will enable the companies to understand their consumers and plan their future promotions in a way in which it will increase customers’ satisfaction. The study also emphasis on possible consequences that may arise in the long run if the company target only one ethnic or religious group in their advertisements. It will also enable the companies to get an idea about the effectiveness of using Indian and other foreign TV advertisements in Sri Lankan context. As this study enables to indentify customer’s perception of the ethical and unethical advertisements, the companies would be able to fulfill customer expectations by providing what customers perceive as ethical. It will create positive attitudes towards the product and the company, ensuring their sales would not drop as a result of an unethical advertisement. Consumers As the study focuses on customer perception regarding ethical and unethical advertisements, the customers will be able to watch TV advertisements without feeling uneasy and embarrassed and they wouldn’t become offended regarding controversial advertisements Further as the production of unethical advertisements diminishes due to the awareness created among the advertising firms through the study and the consumer would be able to grasp the exact message which the company wishes to deliver to the customers when the advertisement is devoid of unethical content. The study will provide an opportunity for the customers to express their views on ethical and unethical TV advertisements. Advertising firms As the study provides details regarding the factors that should be considered when producing TV advertisements for Sri Lankan audience, the advertisement firms will be benefited in terms of understanding the target audience and to be more responsible about the content of the advertisements. The study will specify on what is ethical and what is unethical in terms of customer perspective, which should be the main concern of the advertising firms. Through the provided recommendations the firms can improve the quality of their advertisements, meeting customer expectations which will enable them to serve the society better. 1.6 SCOPE AND THE LIMITATIONS OF THE STDY. Limitation associated with this study begins with the nature of sample, which are the working women in selected areas whose minimum educational level would be the completion of GCE (A/L) and the advertisements done by companies who are operating in the FMCG sector inSri Lankawithin the time period of 2007-2008. You read "Buying behavior, TV advertisements, ethical and unethical." in category "Essay examples" The above mentioned sample is selected based on following assumptions: As the society acceptance is more towards the working females, the data gathered through them would be more reliable. Minimum educational level is specified considering the fact that they are knowledgeable enough to distinguish what is ethical and unethical. Further the selected area would beColombomunicipal council and the time period is specified due to time limitation and ease of data gathering. The study is carried out considering only a group of customers which might cause biasness in the findings. Selection of TV as media of advertising and FMCG industry are limiting the study to one particular sector. CHAPTER 2 2.1LITERATURE â€Å"Ethics of advertising intends to ensure that advertisers and consumers co-exist without being harmed by the messages of advertisements.† Ethical advertising provides information regarding the product without harming any parties involved as well as people who watch.â€Å"Unethical advertising, by contrast, deceives consumers by concealing significant facts about a product or service.† Unethical do not satisfy the interests and expectations of the consumers (AcaDemon, 2008) 2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW Numbers of researches around the world have carried out research to find out if there exists a relationship between TV advertisements and the buying behavior. Implications for the Western World It is interesting to observe that TV advertisements have an impact on the Buying behaviors of the New Zealandcustomers. A group of researchers who carried out a research â€Å"to examine what influences perceptions of infomercial advertising effectiveness among a sample of actual infomercial buyers† (Martin et al, 2002), have found that the consumers included in the sample which was 2,670 customers who had bought one of six different products advertised within two weeks, has admitted that the infomercial advertisements (Appendix 1) had been effective in getting them to buy the product (Martin et al, 2002). Unlike most researchers, this group has identified a relationship between a demographic factor which is age and the buying behavior of the consumers. According to the findings of Martine et al, (2002) age impacted how consumers view infomercials, as did the product type purchased. Hypotheses Ho1 and Ha1 were developed according to the findings of this study. Barrio-Garcia Luque- Martinez (2003) who conducted a research inSpainhad focused on a different aspect of advertising. In contrast to the above mentioned group, this group has selected the comparative advertising in order to find out the relationship between TV advertisements and buying behavior of the consumers. The study was carried out on the objective of â€Å"to provide marketing professionals with a theoretical outline that will allow them to understand the persuasive mechanism that underlies comparative advertising effectiveness, helping them in their marketing decision-making processes† (Barrio-Garcia Luque- Martinez, 2003). Comparing to the above group, this group had identified a negative relationship between advertisements and buying behavior of the consumers. The findings of the study states that, â€Å"increase in comparative advertising intensity negatively affect towards the brands advertised and also purchase intensions† (Barrio-Garcia Luque- Martinez , 2003). In order to gather data, they have used relatively a small sample which consisted of 720 consumers selected from four geographical areas ofSpain. The finding of this study was utilized in order to develop Hypotheses Ho2 and Ha2. Petrovici Marinov (2007), two British researchers have also concentrated on how TV advertisements affect on buying behavior of the consumers. They have used a different approach to attempt the research objective which is â€Å"to explore the relationship between determinants and primary antecedents of advertising and attitudes to advertising in the context of European Union accession countries† (Petrovici Marinov, 2007). Even though the sample selected was small (797 respondents) comparing to New Zealand researches (sample of 2,670 respondents), this group has selected their sample from two different countries (Romania and Bulgaria) which helps to broaden their study further and their findings are more reliable as they have conducted face-to-face interviews with the respondents. It is proved that brand recognition and acquisition can be achieved through realistic, truthful and fair advertising (Petrovici Marinov, 2007). Hypotheses Ho3, Ha3 and Ho4, Ha4 were developed in rel ation to the findings of this study. Romani (2006) who conducted the research inItalyhas used different types of variables compared to other western researches to test the relationship between TV advertisements and buying behavior. The variables used in this study were, willingness to buy the advertised product, trustworthiness towards the source of information and completeness or clarity of price information contained in the advertisement. The researcher has used qualitative and experimental studies in order to identify the misleading price communication strategies and consumer response to those advertisements. The respondents sample were very small (480) compared to above mentioned studies which is a drawback of the study. The conclusions drawn from the study show that there is a negative relationship between price misleading advertisements and the customer’s willingness to buy and there is a positive relationship between trustworthiness towards the source of information. The objective of the study was to †Å"investigate consumers’ reactions to advertisements containing misleading information on price† (Romani, 2006). Development of hypotheses Ho5, Ha5 and Ho6, Ha6 were based on the findings of this study. Implications for Asian countries According to R.C. Earnest (2007), â€Å"Unintended audiences often view advertisements targeted at other groups and make decisions regarding the advertisement, brand and company behind the advertising which affect future consumer behavior†. The objective of the study was â€Å"to extend current knowledge on advertising effects on those not targeted by noting unintended consequences on attitudinal, emotional and behavioral reactions† R.C. Earnest (2007). A similar type of sample which Petrovici Marinov (2007), used in their study was utilized in order to gather data. Instead of selecting the sample from two countries, R.C. Earnest (2007) has selected the sample from two distinct ethnic groups (Malay and Chinese) inKuala Lumpur,Malaysia. A fair number of respondents (200 Chinese and 199 Malays) were selected from each group and data were gathered by means of a questionnaire which was based on fiction advertisements targeted at dominant and non- dominant ethnic groups inM alaysia. Hypotheses Ho7 and Ha7 were developed on the basis of findings of this study. Chan McNeal (2003) have concentrated on an atypical aspect of how TV advertisements influence on buying behavior of the consumers. They have emphasized on parent- child communications about consumption and advertising which distinguish their study from the others. Comparatively a large sample (1,665) of parents with children aged 6 to 14 were selected from 3 cities inChinaand a questionnaire is being distributed in order to gather data. Out of all the findings of their study most relevant finding to the current study is that, pluralistic and consensual parents take their children’s opinions about advertisements in to consideration when consuming certain products. Implications for neighbor country A study conducted by Fam Grosh (2007) has derived an interesting finding from the data they gathered using 1,000 urban young adults. Even the sample selected was relatively low compared to theMartin et al’s, (2002) study, the sample was drawn from five Asian countries includingIndia. The method that they have used to gather data was telephone interviews which distinguish this study from the above mentioned studies. The respondents were questioned on their thoughts about the TV advertisements that they liked, product that was being advertised and purchase intensions. The objective of the study was â€Å"to examine likeable executional techniques in advertising across five Asian countries and their impact on purchase intension† (Fam Grosh, 2007). The researchers found that unlike in the all other four countries India is the only country where the respondents’ react for the likeable executional tools and likeable attributes such as soft sell and relevant to me, ha s positively affected the respondents’ decision to buy more of a product/ brand after they exposure to the advertisement (Fam Grosh, 2007). Further most interesting finding of the study is that unlike in other countries Indian customers have responded negatively to advertisements in which children misbehave. Hypotheses Ho8 and 8were constructed with relevant to the findings of this study. Above discussed literature illustrates that advertisements have a significant impact on consumer buying behavior. CHAPTER 3 3.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The following variables are derived from the literature provided in chapter 2. Independent Variables Dependent Variables 3.2 HYPOTHESES Ho1: There is no relationship between infomercial advertisements and buying behavior. Ha1: There is a relationship between infomercial advertisements and buying behavior. Ho2: There is no relationship between Comparative Advertisements and buying behavior. Ha2: There is a relationship between Comparative Advertisements and buying behavior. Ho3: There is no relationship between Realistic Advertisements and buying behavior. Ha3: There is a relationship between Realistic Advertisements and buying behavior. Ho4: There is a negative relationship between Truthfulness of the information provided and thebuying behavior. Ha4: There is a positive relationship between Truthfulness of the information provided and thebuying behavior. H05: There is no relationship between Trustworthiness of the source and buying behavior. Ha5: There is a relationship between Trustworthiness of the source and buying behavior. Ho6: There is no relationship between Price misleading advertisements and buying behavior. Ha6: There is a relationship between Price misleading advertisements and buying behavior Ho7: There is a negative relationship between ethnically targeted advertisements and buying behavior. Ha7: There is a positive relationship between ethnically targeted advertisements and buying behavior. Ho8: There is a negative relationship between Children misbehaved advertisements and buying behavior. Ha8: There is a positive relationship between Children misbehaved advertisements and buying behavior. 3.3 METHODOLOGY Population, sampling and statistical approach will be discussed under this topic. 3.4 POPULATION AND SAMPLE. Selected population for in order to gather data is working women inColombodistrict with a minimum education level of G.C.E (A/L). Below diagram elaborates the selection of sample. The sampling method adapted is a proportionate probability area sampling technique. Where the selected sample of individuals was chosen based on their geographical location (Colombo District) and were further chosen based on if they were employed and had completed the G.C.E (A/L). Since the sample is larger than 35, hence, this can be categorized as a parametric test. Note: – 16.7% is the whole Female, employed and above G.C.E (A/L) rate 19,886,000 is the whole Sri Lankan population 2,421,000 is the wholeColombodistrict population 647,100 is the whole population ofColombomunicipal council 210,546 is the whole population of Dehiwala municipal council 117,563 is the whole population of Moratuwa municipal council 116366 is the whole population of Sri Jayewardenepura municipal council 3.5 STATISTICAL APPROCH According to the table provided in the Appendix 1, multiple regression analysis should be used to analyze data. Further Martine et al. (2002) also have used the multiple regression method to analyze data in their study. In order to gather data five point Likert scale would be adapted as previous researches, Chan McNeal (2003) and Martin et al (2002) have also used the same scale to gather data. CHAPTER 4 4.1 CONCLUSION The proposed study analyzes the impact of ethical and unethical TV advertisements on buying behavior of the consumers in FMCG industry inSri Lanka. Further the study analyses the relationship of how different types of TV advertisements affect on the buying behavior of the consumers using a sample of 104 working women inColombodistrict who have completed A/L examination. Literature review of the current study provides sufficient evidence of past researches which have discussed the similar relationships between the variables selected. Further the study enables the marketers to understand the customer well and as a result they will be able to fulfill consumer expectations through their advertisements. References Chan et al. 2007, ‘Consumers response to offensive advertising: a cross cultural study’, International Marketing Review, vol.24, no.5, pp.606-628. R.C. Earnest 2007, ‘Ethnically targeted advertising views of those not targeted’, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing, vol.19, no.3, pp.265-285. Martin et al. 2002, ‘Infomercials and advertising effectiveness: an empirical study’, Journal of consumer marketing, vol.19, no.6, pp.468-480. Barrio-Garcia Luque- Martinez 2003, ‘Modeling consumer response to differing levels of comparative advertising’, European Journal of Marketing, vol.37, no.1/2, pp.256-274. Petrovici Marinov 2007, ‘Determinants and antecedents of general attitudes towards advertising’, European Journal of Marketing, vol.41, no.3/4, pp.307-326. Romani 2006, ‘Price misleading advertising: effects on trustworthiness toward the source of information and willingness to buy’, Journal of product and brand management, vol.15, no.2, pp.130-138. Chan McNeal 2003, ‘Parent-child communications about consumption and advertising in China’, Journal of consumer marketing, vol.20, no.4, pp.317-334. Fam Grosh 2007, ‘Cultural values and effective executional techniques in advertising’, International Marketing Review, vol.24, no.5, pp.519-638. City population 2008, Sri Lanka , [Online], Available: http://www.citypopulation.de/SriLanka.html [Accessed 3rd December 2008] Department of Census statistics 2006, Bulletin of Labor Force Statistics, [Online], Available: http://www.statistics.gov.lk/samplesurvey/labourforce/mainpage.pdf [Accessed 3rd December 2008] AcaDemon 2008, ‘Papers on Ethical Advertising and similar term paper topics’, [Online], Available: http://www.academon.com/lib/paper/31480.html [Accessed 10th December 2008] Appendix (Statistical Approach) INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DATA TYPEDEPENDENT VARIABLE DATA TYPE:Buying behaviorSELECTED STATISTICAL METHOD INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 1:Infomercial advertisementsIntervalInterval Multiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE2:Comparative advertisementsInterval IntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE3:Realistic advertisements IntervalIntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE4:Truthfulness of the information providedIntervalIntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 5:Trustworthiness of the source IntervalIntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 6:Price misleading advertisements. IntervalIntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 7: Ethnically targeted advertisements IntervalIntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 8: Children’s misbehave advertisements IntervalIntervalMultiple Regression Appendix 2 (Operationalisation) Types of variables Measurement Questions/ Description Type of Data Independent Variables Infomercial advertisementsLikert ScaleI feel that infomercial advertisements make me buy the product compared to other advertisements.Interval Comparative advertisementsLikert ScaleComparative advertisements annoy meInterval Realistic AdvertisementsLikert ScaleI feel that realistic advertisements convince me more to buy the advertised product.Interval Truthfulness of the information provided in the advertisementsLikert ScaleI tend to purchase the product if the advertised information is trustworthy.Interval Trustworthiness of the sourceLikert ScaleI believe that TV advertisements are more reliable than other sources.Interval Price misleading advertisementsLikert ScalePrice misleading advertisements makes me reconsider when buying the relevant product.Interval Ethnically target advertisementsLikert ScaleAdvertisements targeting an ethnic group discourage me to purchase the product.Interval Children misbehave in advertisementsLikert ScaleI reject buying products that are advertised using children’s misbehaviour.Interval Dependant Variable Buying BehaviourLikert ScaleTelevision advertisements encourage me to buy the relevant products.Interval How to cite Buying behavior, TV advertisements, ethical and unethical., Essay examples

Development Phase Essay Example For Students

Development Phase Essay The first half of the stage is the attic of George and Ellas semi-detached house in Salford Manchester, everyone in their neighbourhood is white. The stage is divided into two parts, the attic is slightly raised, and a step ladder is needed to reach it. This contrasts to the other half of the stage, set in the war time, an Anderson bomb shelter. The whole stage must give the impression of a dark and musty place. The attic is littered with objects- ancient mobiles, toys and bric-a-brac, there are also boxes stacked against the walls. Whereas the bomb shelter is empty except for piles of yellowing newspaper and a couple of mouldy blankets. Whilst in blackout  Ella: Meenah  Silence  MEENAH?  Meenah: Did you say something mam?  Ella: I have some boxes I need you to take up to the attic for me.  Meenah: In a minute, Im just  Ella: Not in a minute, NOW  Meenah: Alright alright, Im coming!  Ella: mutters audibly I should think you are!  Lights are up on the attic, Meenah Enters.  Meenah: she is heaving a box, her footsteps are loud and heavy, she is muttering angrily to herself why is it always me? She drops the box and a newspaper, a book of ration tickets and a necklace fall out The boys never have to do anyth- she pauses, bends down and picks up the newspaper Junk! Me Mams making me cart up her junk! She begins to read 8th of September 1940- Wow, This is old! The county borough of West Ham faces heavy bombing, this is expected to continue Lights go down on this half of the stage. A siren sounds and the other half of the stage lights up to reveal freezing people, from war time London they are huddled in blankets. A young blonde is huddled in the centre, a spotlight is on her. George Enters.  George: Gesturing to the candle in front of her Madam, Excuse me. Can I be sharing your light?  Ella: teeth chattering Oh, youre welcome to. Here, have a bit of blanket too.  George: Thank you! England is very cold.  Pause. They glance at each other, then quickly away.  Ella: What is your name? George: Hello, I is George, George Kahn. I am Pakistani come from. He holds out his hand How do you do?  Ella: gives a nervous laugh Im Ella, pleased to meet you  Pause  So, what brings you to England?  George: Work! Work in Pakistan is too hard, when man needs to provide for a family it is better to start business in England. So I coming here, need many many money for family.  Ella: Oh okay She moves slightly closer to him well, thats nice Ella smiles at him.  George: confused Yes, I am nice man. One day, I am having big business. I am having many many children and they will respect their father and help me in my business. Ella: sighing Ive always dreamed of having a big family.  Blackout and a siren sounds.  Now there is a series of freeze frames to symbolize the passing of time, in each frame George and Ella must be together whilst everyone around them changes. Sometimes they are by themselves but other times there is someone sitting with them. They must be happy and smiling contrasting to the other miserable faces and their situation.  Lights up, we see George sitting where Ella was, Ella runs in, looks around and when she spots him she adjusts her hair and walks collectedly over to him, without realising she drops her ration tickets . Ella: Fancy meeting you here again! All this bombing, fluttering eyelashes flirtatiously terrible! Isnt it?  George: Yes, many bad, many dangerous  George sees the fallen ration tickets and picks them up, he is about to give them to her when a stranger approaches, instead he puts them in his pocket.  Stranger: Good evening, I hope you dont mind but, can I join you?  Ella: slightly irritated at the intrusion No, no, of course not! Come, have a bit of blanket.  Stranger: Opening a newspaper look were in for more bombing. Did you hear about those dirty tactics those bloody Germans are using? .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .postImageUrl , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:hover , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:visited , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:active { border:0!important; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:active , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A View From The Bridge essay exampleElla: snaps No, what did they do this time?  Stranger: Oblivious to Ellas annoyance they put glass in our soldiers bandages, re-opening their wounds instead of healing them!  George: Shaking his head Bloody, testing out his new word again Bloody Germans, Bloody Stupy Germans.  Ella: laughing at George When in England do as the English do.  The stranger rolls his eyes and resumes reading the newspaper.  George: Ella, you is cold? You is Appears to be searching for the right word  Ella: Shivering? Yes, Im absolutely freezing. I want my nice warm bed; weve been spending every night in this dreary hole in the ground.  George: P ulling off his jumper here, you is being warmer. Ella: Oh, you shouldnt have You dont have to Thank you.  George: Pulling the book of ration tickets out of his pocket here, you is dropping this.  They snuggle up to each other  Blackout and the lights come up on the other half of the stage where Meenah is flipping through the book of ration tickets.  Meenah: Why on earth would mam want to keep any of this!

Post-Colonial Literature Salman Rushdie Essay Essay Example

Post-Colonial Literature: Salman Rushdie Essay Essay The manner of Post-colonial authorship has been given the name â€Å"New English literature† most particularly for its really peculiar manner of composing that focuses on the treatment of colonisation. These types of Hagiographas have frequently dealt with assorted issues that are related to de-colonization or the cultural independency every bit good as the political power that is related to colonial regulation. Assorted writers have already tried to dig deep into this specific type of genre and they have been able to transport out their novels with racialist or colonial subtexts. Revie. 2003 ) The feature of post-colonial literature is that in its most modern signifier. it seeks to review the assorted modern-day post-colonial discourse that has been able to determine the times. Post-colonial plants are typically literature that seeks the procedure of re-writing and re-reading. This peculiar description of this specific type comes from the position of those who have been under the regulation of colonisation in the yesteryear. This peculiar type of manner is used in about every type of post-colonial literature novel that has been made. We will write a custom essay sample on Post-Colonial Literature: Salman Rushdie Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Post-Colonial Literature: Salman Rushdie Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Post-Colonial Literature: Salman Rushdie Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Due to the tone and the type of narrative that writers use with this peculiar type of literary work. the dwellers of those colonised states are most frequently portrayed as victims alternatively of enemies of those who have colonized them. This is one of the properties of this type of literature. The assorted actions of colonisers have long harmed those who have they tried to subject to their will and because of this fact. the writers who have had the privilege of composing about their unfairnesss have ever given the colonised people a destiny which was less than desirable. Revie. 2003 ) Salman Rushdie One of the most noteworthy writers who have already made their grade sing this peculiar type of literature is Salman Rushdie. The different types of fiction that Salman Rushdie has authored has been continuously monitored and analyzed for its different positions. A reappraisal of several of the books and his diaries will uncover that there is a proliferation of unfavorable judgments that concentrate chiefly on the subject of postcolonial affairs. His plants efficaciously address the assorted types of issues that have a political or societal nature. Some of these things address the fatwa every bit good as the publication of The Satanic Verses. Some of the sentiments that other authors and writers portion is that Rushdie is a postmodern author whose earnestly pushes the different boundaries of the novel in modern times. Rushdie had authored several novels and every bit different as the texts are from each other. so does Rushdie lodge a consistent type of message which is merely discernable from a broader point of view. One of the novels that Rushdie had written is Midnight’s Children. This was a novel that had already been published for already twenty old ages. This novel gave Salman Rushdie a noteworthy position because he was a really talented writer who wrote in English. This is one of the things that was rather singular about the writer since he was cognizant of different things about postcolonial national affairs of different states even though he was of Indian descent. This fact gave prominence to authors who were of a different race and therefore gave the literary partisans and assorted categories of people a new manner of looking different things. This cross-cultural manner of composing novels has shone the limelight on how post-colonial literature should non be limited to an writer of that peculiar state. This is one of the things that was highlighted when Rushdie churned out Midnight’s Children manner back in the 80’s. Midnight’s Children With his work. Midnight’s Children. this novel is about the power of mixture and interaction. This type of mixture that Rushdie tries to concentrate on is seen through the filter of the protagonist’s memory. Saleem Sinai is a individual who recalls the history of his household and provides the readers a really thorough history of the full Indian environment that he knows. The reader is thrust deep into the bosom of a peculiar period of India which basically covers the full timeline of India’s pre- every bit good as postcolonial twentieth-century history. The supporter who is said to be born during the first hr of independency from the British colonisers Begins by remembering his narration from about 32 old ages before that clip. He begins with his his heritage which focuses on his gramps. Aadam Aziz. This is one of the most noticeable things that one can see with this type of literature. The scheme of traveling back to put the phase for the present is one trait of postcolonial literature and at the oncoming of the novel. Rushdie masterfully inserts this type of characteristic in order to put the phase for the remainder of the novel. Throughout the novel. Saleem is set out to happen significance in his life but as the novel goes on. one learns that Saleem is really switched at birth by the nurse Mary Pereira with Aziz’s biological grandson. Shiva. The narrative really weaves a really complicated web as it turns out that Saleem is the illicit boy of Vanita who is the married woman of another Hindu who plays the squeeze box. Saleem writes out the narrative of his life and narrates it to his friend Padma. This is precisely the narrative that Saleem seems to narrate and remember over and over. ( Rushdie. 1996 ) It is through this peculiar novel that we find that remembering is non precisely something that is done on intent by the supporter but it someway flows out of his natural inclination to travel and concentrate on different fragments of his yesteryear. He Saleem manages to make the memory of his yesteryear through spots and pieces of information that he remembers throughout his life. It is through the act of remembering that Saleem seems to do sense out of the pandemonium that is about him as he compares remembering to pickling which to harmonizing to him is an â€Å"impure† act of love. ( Rushdie. 1996 ) Pickling for him is kind of a procedure that makes things new once more due to the fact that one dies without newness. One of the things that is implied here is the fact that we exist and are alive merely because of the fact that we continue to reinvent and remake ourselves in the sense that we recreate our universe and our world as we remember it and as we experience it. The writer gives a certain grade of importance to memory and how it has helped him with this peculiar novel in the sense that he makes it known to the readers that what they do is really of import. ( Hogue. 1996 ) Shame In the fresh Shame. Rushdie seeks to concentrate on a different type of characteristic. The author’s other novels seek to farther exemplify the different possibilities of mixtures but with this peculiar novel. Rushdie finds himself composing about choler. The pent-up province that one enters in when angered is what this novel is concentrating on. This is the clip that Rushdie retells the history of Pakistan of all time since the clip of its independency manner back in 1947. ( Rushdie. 2008 ) The narrative basically discusses three coevalss as focal points on the different lives of Raza Hyder who is a really successful and famed military general and Iskandar â€Å"Isky† Harappa who is a politician who came from being a man-about-town because of his wealths and wealth. These characters are really based on different existent life people–the former being President Zia-ul-Haq and the latter former Prime Minister Zulfikar Alik Butto. As seen in the different novels of Midnight’s Children and The Satanic Verses. the fresh Shame describes the colonizer-colonized relationship. In this peculiar relationship. the colonisers are those who are politically powerful and they are the characters Isky and Raza. They have been said to go pent-up individualities who have been mistreated in the yesteryear. The repression that can be found in the fresh Shame comes from the longstanding desire for pureness which is a a subject that is besides found in The Satanic Verses and Midnight’s Children. Pakistan is said to be the land of the pure and mohajirs. ( Rushdie. 2008 ) There have been revisions of their yesteryears in order to suit into this new myth of pureness that Pakistan is supposed to be. In such a novel. the writer seems to reject hybridity in exchange for pureness. With this peculiar novel. the writer seems to concentrate on this thought and high spots pureness in the face of choler and repression that is found in the relationship of the coloniser and the colonized. In this peculiar novel. the writer focuses on the choler that is found in the relationship of those colonisers and those who have been colonized. In relation to this peculiar apparatus. it is because of the repression that happens and because of the fact that people are in kernel filled with choler and hatred when they are stripped of their natural freedom. This fresh adheres straight to the type of literature that characterizes post-colonial interventions. The Demonic Poetries The Satanic Verses is the sort of novel that admonishes the reader to inquire assorted inquiries sing himself. This fresh focuses on individuality. As with the apparatus in a colonised province. there are assorted inquiries that arise because of such an act. The fresh begs to inquire the inquiry. â€Å"How does one act when one wins? † and â€Å"What sort of thought are you? † The former and the latter pertaining to the individuality of the individual is challenged because of the fact that they are thoughts which are ingrained in a individual. One of the characters in the novel is Gibreel Farishta who neer really develops a will of his ain and really becomes a beat-up and abused marionette of other people throughout the entireness of the novel. ( Rushdie. 2008 ) The inquiry of individuality dramas around with the fact that Gibreel is unable to be flexible and â€Å"impure† at the same clip. This peculiar apposition by the writer reveals a much larger image philosophically as it addresses the impression of world as a mere artefact that is masterfully handmade by the strength of words. The individuality of people is questioned in this peculiar novel because it focuses on individuality and what one individual should be when he encounters a peculiar challenge in his or her life. This is one of the things that a individual or a state struggles with when they are colonized. ( Spivak. 1993 ) Conclusion Through the assorted texts. the original of post-colonial literature was rather obvious because of the nature of the manner that the political orientations were presented. Through the different ways and secret plans that the writer introduced to the readers. he was able to to the full explicate and integrate the feelings and the thoughts that the coloniser and the colonized go through in their heads. Rushdie was able to plunge the readers in really profound narratives where he was able to remain faithful with the features and the nature of the genre of literature. The different novels that he authored are fantastic illustrations of how diverse the feelings and the thoughts are when one encounters colonisation firsthand.

Directions for a Burning Bubbles Science Project

Directions for a Burning Bubbles Science Project Bubbles are fun no matter what, but bubbles you can burn just has that added extra appeal. Heres an easy science project you can do that proves propellants in common products are flammable and allows you to burn some bubbles. Materials for the Burning Bubbles Project Soapy water or bubble solutionSpray can containing a pressurized flammable propellantLighter or match (preferably long-handled)Cup or bowl A lot of the products you use that come in spray cans use a flammable propellant to disperse their product. Examples include hairspray, canned air, spray paint, antiperspirant, and bug spray. Common flammable propellants include various alcohols, propane, n-butane, methyl ethyl ether and dimethyl ether. You know you have a can containing a flammable product by reading the label. It will include a hazard statement warning you that the contents are under pressure and to keep the can away from heat and flame and that the contents are flammable. Some cans use non-flammable carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide as a propellant (whipped cream and cooking sprays), which wont work for this project. Once you have identified a flammable propellant, one fire-related project is to spray the product and ignite the aerosol, creating a sort of flamethrower. This is not particularly safe. Blowing flammable bubbles and igniting them illustrates the same point without the risk of blowing up a pressurized ca n. Blow Bubbles and Burn Them Pour soapy water or bubble solution into a container.Immerse the nozzle of the can in the liquid.Spray the can, forming bubbles.Remove the can from the liquid and set it a safe distance from the container.Ignite the bubbles, preferably using a long-handled lighter. Do you see why it would be a bad plan to smoke while using hairspray? The effect you get depends on the flammable propellant. The flames dont last long enough (at least in my experience) to set off a smoke alarm or melt a plastic container. Safety Warning This is one of those projects which should only be attempted under adult supervision. Do not get carried away and blow a big mass of bubbles. Igniting flammable materials is associated with risk. Use of proper eye and skin protection is advised. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Phillips Surname Meaning and Family History

Phillips Surname Meaning and Family History Phillips is a patronymic surname meaning son of Phillip. The given name Phillip comes from the Greek name Philippos which means friend of horses, composed of the elements philos, meaning friend and hippos, or horse. Surname Origin:  Welsh Alternate Surname Spellings:  PHILIPS, PHILLIP, PHILIP Famous People With the Surname Phillips Elizabeth J. (Magie) Phillips - American inventor whose The Landlords Game (patented in 1904) was the precursor to Parker Brothers MonopolyAlban William Phillips - New Zealand economist known for the Phillips Curve, a relation between inflation and unemployment. Where Is the Phillips Surname Most Common? The Phillips surname, according to surname distribution information from  Forebears, is the 819th most common surname in the world, and is especially prevalent in Wales (where it ranks 17th), the United States (46th), England (50th), New Zealand (48th) and Australia (56th). WorldNames PublicProfiler  data also has the Phillips surname as being especially common in Wales, particularly in the western half of the country. It is also common throughout England, as well as New Zealand, Australia, the United States, and Canada. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Phillips 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Phillips  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Phillips  family crest or coat of arms for the Phillips surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Phillips  DNA ProjectThis very active DNA project brings together individuals with the Phillips surname interested in combining DNA testing with traditional genealogy research to help identify Phillips ancestors. Phillips Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Phillips ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Phillips ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.   FamilySearch - Phillips GenealogyExplore over 9.6 million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Phillips surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Phillips Surname Mailing ListA free mailing list for researchers of the Phillips surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages. GeneaNet - Phillips  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Phillips surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Phillips  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Phillips surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry.com: Phillips SurnameExplore over 14  million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Phillips surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Interpretation of financial statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interpretation of financial statement - Essay Example 60% (2010) = (17,250,000) / 53,580,000 = 32.19% Debt to Equity Ratio Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Total Equity (2011) = (33,760,000) / 37,160,000 = 90.85% (2010) = (17,250,000) / 36,330,000 = 47.48% Interest Cover (TIE) Interest Cover = (Earnings before Interest and Taxes + Interest Expense) / Interest Expense (2011) = (12,920,000+ 2,000,000) / 2,000,000 = 7.46x (2010) = (16,905,000 + 1,700,000) / 1,700,000 = 10.94x Profitability Ratios Gross Profit Margin Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit / Sales (2011) = 25,800,000 / 61,000,000 = 42.30% (2010) = 33,980,000 / 73,200,000 = 46.42% Operating Profit Margin Operating Profit Margin = Operating Profit / Sales (2011) = 14,920,000 / 61,000,000 = 24.46% (2010) = 18,605,000 / 73,200,000 = 25.42% Net Profit Margin Net Profit Margin = Net Profit / Sales (2011) = 7,320,000 / 61,000,000 = 12.00% (2010) = 9,578,000 / 73,200,000 = 13.08% Return on Assets Return on Assets = Net Profit / Total Assets (2011) = 7,320,000 / 70,920,000 = 10.32% (2 010) = 9,578,000 / 53,580,000 = 17.88% Return on Equity Return on Equity = Net Profit / Total Equity (2011) = 7,320,000 / 37,160,000 = 19.70% (2010) = 9,578,000 / 36,330,000 = 26.36% Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) Return on Capital Employed = (Earnings before Interest and Taxes/Capital Employed)* (2011) = 14,920,000/55,160,000 = 27.05% (2010) = 18,605,000/47,330,000 = 39.31% * Capital Employed = Total Assets – Current Liabilities MARKET RATIOS Earnings per Share Earnings per Share = Net Profit / (Average no. of Outstanding shares) (2011) = 7,320,000 / (20,000,000) = ?0.37 (2010) = 9,578,000 / (18,000,000) =?0.53 Book Value per Share Book Value per Share = Common Equity / (Average no. of Outstanding shares) (2011) = 37,160,000 / (20,000,000) = ?1.86 (2010) = 36,330,000/ (18,000,000) =... BLS Ltd., manufacturer and supplier of customized furniture and fittings in the UK construction market has expanded its operations in newer markets in recent times. The company’s performance improved significantly up till 2010 as the new management which took over in 1996 made strong decisions and adopted an approach based on quality and perseverance. However, analysis of the company’s financial ratios suggests that its financial performance has deteriorated considerably during the last year.Liquidity Ratios The current ratio of the company is just acceptable at 1.27. However this ratio has declined from 2.54 to 1.27. This is a worrying sign for the company as it implies that the company is just about covering its current assets with its current liabilities. In other words, the company is finding it much more difficult to meet its short term obligations now than a year ago (Besley et al. 2008). As a result, the working capital of the company has also decreased by a sign ificant margin. Consequently, BLS Ltd.’s liquidity position has also worsened. The decrease in Quick/Acid Test Ratio from 1.36 to 0.68 is also quite alarming. This ratio is obtained by removing inventories from the equation which are considered to be the least liquid of all assets. This ratio implies that the company is covering just around 68% of its liabilities. The chief reason for these changes is the increase in current liabilities by more than 100% as the company has expanded its activities.