Should Cell Phones Be Banned In Classrooms English Language Essay

Should Cell Phones Be Banned In Classrooms English Language Essay Some people think that cell phones should be banned in the classrooms because they think it bother the whole classrooms. They think it is not necessary to have them in classrooms. As for those they want the cell phones to be banned in the classrooms. They think that cell phones makes a lot of noise in the classrooms. So it is bothering them or even the whole classrooms. Because some cell phones have a loud ringing tone. The phone will rings so loud and thats the time all the people turn to check whos cell phones is that ringing. They want to know what do those people will talked about. That is the time students wont pay attention in classrooms. They might think that those people are talking on the cell phones are taking about something more interesting. So, they might hope for knowing about what theyre say on the cell phones. Students can not keep track of their time. Even in the middle of lecturing or working on their classworks. The students would stop listening to the instructors or teacher or stop on their work and start to answer their cell phones. Sometimes they stop from what theyre doing and start to play games on their cell phones. And they dont mind to concentrate or even pay any attention in their class any more. Its likely cell phones are more to interrupt all of their work and their attention in the classrooms. Even though they know that cell pones are limiting their learning and understanding in classrooms. Because even their free time and they dont think of studying any more. They only think of calling around or talking with their friends or even playing games on their cell phones and never mind about studying. All of their free time are more reserve for them to spend on cell phones. And if they banned the cell phones maybe they turn back to spend the free time for study because they wont have some else to do. Anyway, people are the key to know what is better for them. But I think that cell phones are not really important to use in the classrooms. Maybe somewhere else is better and not in class. In other way we might need and it is not to use in the classrooms. Especially, us people in Micronesia we never think of the is better for us to do in order for us to have a good life in the future. We just think of now and easy things for us right now. Because cell phones are not doing something to us in the classrooms. Although some people think cell phones are important incase of emergency, I think they are too distracting for the whole class, also the school can find students in emergencies. As for me I think thats the good think for it banned the cell phone in the classrooms. Because there is a way to what we need for the cell phones. That is why the cell phone is not good to use in the classrooms. And also good thing to improve our studying. EN 112 Essay Evaluation 90 to 100 A- to A+ Excellent to Very Good: The essay has a clearly expressed thesis. It also shows knowledgeable and thorough development of thesis; the support details are relevant, clearly stated, well organized and cohesive; sentences show variety, strong vocabulary with minimal grammatical errors, appropriate transitions are used. Format is correct. Very well developed. 80-89 B- to B+ Good: The essay has an acceptable thesis. It also shows significant knowledge of topic but not complete development of thesis; the supporting details are mostly relevant and organized but lack details thus somewhat interrupting the flow; sentences show some variety and good vocabulary; some grammatical errors, some use of transitions which are used appropriately; format is correct or almost correct. Well developed 70-79 C- to C+ Average: The essay has a fair thesis which indicates the topic and has an opinion but is somewhat weak. It also shows some knowledge of topic but limited development of thesis; some supporting details are relevant; main ideas stand out but somewhat choppy and loosely organized; sentences could use a little variety; several grammatical errors, few transitions and use is not always appropriate; format is correct or almost correct. Developed with at least 500 words but should have more details and support. 60-69 D- to D+ Fair to Poor: The essay has a weak thesis. It also shows limited knowledge of topic and inadequate development of thesis; a lot of the supporting details are confusing or disconnected; limited variety in sentence structure and vocabulary; frequent grammatical errors, almost no transitions are used; format needs correction. Underdeveloped and may have less than 500 words. 0 to 59 F Very Poor: The essay has no or very weak thesis and does not show knowledge of topic; the supporting details are mostly or all irrelevant; no organization; all simple sentences; weak vocabulary; dominated by grammatical errors and lacks transitions; format needs correction. Underdeveloped with less than 500 words. Overall Comments: the format of your essay is not correct. Please read the required format resource on the course web site. You need an introductory paragraph that introduces the issue, and your position shown in the thesis which is at the end of the introduction. This needs a lot of work. You need to have each paragraph correctly focused on what each one is for. A separate one is needed for the opponents argument against your opinion and in this paragraph you refute or concede his argument. There are also many grammar errors. This still needs lots of work before it can be considered an essay with a passing grade. Checklist†¦ Introduction Developed well to introduce the issue/problem and thesis Thesis statement is a clearly stated arguable position Thesis statement is in proper place Three/four developmental paragraphs 3 or 4 major reasons for position (your support) Organization of support/details (PATTERN 1or 2) Transitions and expressions used properly Logical development of reasons (THEY MAKE SENSE) Opponents most important reason refuted/conceded OR three opposing reasons refuted Relevancy Conclusion Restate thesis and support (reasons) Demand action, suggest a solution or predict an outcome Does not introduce a new idea Presentation Proper format (LOWERS GRADE IF WRONG!) Mechanics (spelling and grammar) Essay is 500 words or more

Language Barriers for Non-Speaking Citizens

The Language Barrier for Non-English Speaking Citizens Lynne Lilley Com/150 University of Phoenix Com/150 March 8, 2010 The Language Barrier for Non-English Speaking Citizens â€Å"No Habla English†. â€Å"21 million people living in the United States cannot speak English. Citizens are not just speaking Spanish, but Chinese and Russian are rising fast. † (U. S. Bureau of Census, 2009) To force a citizen to speak a new language is discrimination. Non-English speaking citizens and immigrants that are without good English skills will fall academically, in the judicial system and when receiving proper medical care. 47 million Americans five years and older used a language other than English. The children that have no English skills will not be able to understand what the teacher is trying to teach. Children will not be able to do their assignments correctly and will eventually fail the class. †Some illegal immigrants are raising their children without teaching them English, hoping that the school will do that job. The Washington Post recently reported that as many as two-thirds of the children in suburban Arlington County, Virginia, receiving language assistance from kindergarten through second-grade born in the United States to non-English-speaking parents who don’t read to them, talk to them, or provide them a background in any language. (Not Speakiing their Native Tongue, 1996) A child being educated in English opens many doors of opportunities. English as a Second Language learner has more benefits than those of native English. Native speakers tend to speak in slang or use cliches and have bad grammar skills. There are even laws to wanting to learn another language as opposed to not knowing another language. In Albany, Georgia, they are trying to pass a law that students no longer have Spanish classes in schools and parents need to hire a tutor to come in to their home and teach the child a foreign language. Learning English will benefit a child not knowing the language and prevent barriers as an adult. Since the first amendment is freedom of speech, why do so many non-English speaking citizens run into barriers in the judicial systems? A citizen cannot explain an emergency to a police official such as; ho attacked them, who they were victimized by or the nature of the emergency they are having. There are just not enough bilingual employees in the judicial system whether it is police, courthouse officials, or translators. If an officer does not speak the language of the victim, the officer has to call a hotline service that will provide the correct language and that could take some time. Attorney’s that have non-English speaking clients recognize initially that such representation will be time consuming. They must begin their representation carefully, making sure a basis foundation for communication exists. Another problem that occurs when the client and attorney waste time because the attorney, court clerk, or other individual fail to identify the correct name of the represented individual. Often times when a non-English speaking citizen has problems with the judicial system it occurs because the person cannot read the notices sent or end up having no counsel or able to consult with their counsel. Defendants end up doing lengthy jail sentences because they did not tell the court they needed an interpreter. â€Å"In Virginia, a convenience store clerk was fired for complaining about the employer’s unwritten English-only policy. In Florida, two hotels faced on AFL-CIO boycott because they reportedly insisted they use English only. In New York, Long Life Home Care has been sued by EEOC on behalf of two workers who allege that the company prohibits employees from speaking Spanish only during breaks, lunch in the cafeteria and within one city block of their office building† (Lost in Translation, 2006). Judicial systems are not the only ones who have problems with language barriers; the medical field are affected too. Non-English speaking citizens and immigrants are receiving improper medical care because of the miscommunication. The people who cannot speak English well are misunderstood, when they go to free clinics or hospital emergency rooms and attempt to explain their symptoms and illness or cannot understand the doctors or medical profession that are trying to help them. † Interpreters are omitting questions about drug allergies. Patients are not telling nurses the correct symptoms. A mother misunderstood by putting oral antibiotic into the ears of the child instead of the mouth. The Puerto Rican word for mumps is not the same in Central America, so a child was mistreated. A doctor mistakenly told a parent to put a steroid creme on entire child instead of just the face† (Yolanda Prtida, 2005). Language barriers in the medical field are dangerous and some times even fatal. There is definitely a need for more translators in hospitals and doctors office. Clear communication is essential for safe quality healthcare. Poor communication can lead to disastrous outcomes, especially for patients with limited or no English ability. Working together with non-English speaking citizens and immigrants would help eliminate some barriers. When you call any bank or financial institute, public utility, or government agency, you can hear a prompt stating if you want to proceed in English press 1. That shows that we are working on a bilingual nation. A language barrier is not a disability, while those who cannot communicate are, of course, handicapped in our society. The inability to speak English is not a handicap in the physiological sense. † Let’s face—English is a crazy language, and English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race (which, of course, isn’t a race at all). That is why,-when-the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it, but when I wind up this essay, I end it† (unknown). Works Cited Lost in Translation. (2006, January 17). New York Times , pp. 1-2. Not Speakiing their Native Tongue. (1996, May 14). Washington Post , p. A1. U. S. Bureau of Census. (2009). Retrieved March 2, 2010, from U. S Bureau of Census website: http://factfinder. census. gov unknown. (n. d. ). Yolanda Prtida, M. D. (2005). Language Policy and Practice in Healthcare. Fresno: Center for Medical & Eduacation Research.

Huntington s Disease A Genetic Disorder - 1121 Words

Abstract: Huntington’s Disease- Huntington s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder. It affects the muscle coordination and decline in cognitive that leads to dementia. It affects both males and females in their middle age (J.D, 2015). Huntington’s disease is most common in genetic causes the leads to abnormal involuntary movement also called Huntington’s chorea (J.D, 2015). Epidemiology: Huntington s disease is a rare neuropsychiatric disorder it occurs in a population of 5-10 per 100,000. Huntington disease is a hereditary disorder. It affects a person mental and physical states that will lead deterioration of one health and death (Novak m, 2010) (J.D, 2015). Even though it is categorized as an adult disease, it can affect some children as well. Huntington disease is defined by the autosomal pattern that is in inheritance with high penetrance of high proportion of the population that has the gene that advances the disease. It’s typical that Huntington disease is caused by the loss of neurons nerve cells in the brain (Van Walsem M.R, 2016). Motor Symptoms and Signs The motor symptoms and signs found in Huntington’s disease can affect both males and females it is more dominant in a population where there is a double chromosome that causes the autosomal gene. Any person that is affected had a greater risk because it inherited from their parents (Van Walsem M.R, 2016). The physical symptoms can be seen in any age for the person it startsShow MoreRelatedHuntington s Disease Is A Rare Progressive Genetic Disorder2026 Words   |  9 PagesHuntington s Chorea or Huntington s Disease is a rare progressive genetic disorder which afflicts roughly 7 out of every 100,000 people in North America (Rawlins, 2016, pp. 144–153). The disease manifests primarily in tissues of the brain, and affects the shutdown of many primary functions including speech, movement, and cognitive abilities. With a strong genetic component, there is a 50% chance of just one parent passing the gene linked with Huntington s Disease along to offspring; additionallyRead MoreGenetic Disease Is An Autosomal Dominant Neurodegenerative Disorder737 Words   |  3 PagesGenetic diseases are diseases that are passed on from parents to their offspring. An example of a genetic disease which can be inherited is Huntington Disease. Huntington Disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerat ive disorder with midlife onset characterised by psychiatric, cognitive and motor symptoms(G. Vonsattel and DiFiglia, 1998). The statistics for HD blah blah blah Like all genetic diseases, huntington s disease has a specific inheritance pattern. Huntington disease is an autosomalRead MoreHuntington s Disease : A Dynamic, Neurological Disorder1632 Words   |  7 PagesHuntington s disease is a dynamic, neurological disorder. Tragically, it doesn t demonstrate manifestations until people have reached they’re 30 s or more. Children whose parent s have this genetic disorder have a 50-50 ( ) possibility of acquiring the trait. History Huntington s disease was found by numerous researchers before George Huntington. For instance in the 1840 s HD was described in writing as a Chronic hereditary chorea by Dr Waters of Franklin N.Y., ( ) who found aRead MoreA Research Project On Huntington s Disease1675 Words   |  7 PagesContents Introduction Methodology (How the research of the project was carried) What is Huntington’s disease? 1. Signs and symptoms 2. Causes 3. Treatment Huntington’s Association of South Africa Literary Review Conclusion Bibliography Appendix 1. Plagiarism check 2. Articles 3. Questionnaires Introduction According to the University of Utah a genetic disorder is described as a disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual’s DNA. This means that there is a mutation presentRead MoreGenetic Testing And Mental Health Disorders1039 Words   |  5 Pages There are genetic components that are being identified in the diagnoses of mental health disorders associated with Huntington’s disease through human genome and family research. Diagnostic and presymptomatic testing is available by discovering a gene mutation for Huntington Disease (HD) and prepares persons who are at risk for Huntington Disease (HD) to ask for genetic testing. A multi-visit protocol is enacted when HD genetic testing is offered through HD testing centers, followed by educationRead MoreHuntington s Disease : A Progressive Brain Disorder Caused By A Defective Gene1134 Words   |  5 PagesHuntington s Disease (HD) is a progressive brain disorder caused by a defective gene. This disease causes changes in the central area of the brain, which affect movement, mood and thinking skills. Nerve cells become impaired, causing several segments of the brain to fail. The disease disturbs movement, behavior and perception the affected people abilities to walk, think, reason and talk are slowly weakened to a point that they eventually become entirely dependent on other people for care. HD isRead MoreHuntington s Disease And The Nervous System856 Words   |  4 Pages Huntington’s disease, also known as Huntington’s chorea, is a rare pathology among the nervous system. With fewer than 200,000 US cases per year is an inherited condition in which nerve cells in the brain break down over a period of time. This disease will usually start to effect people when they are in their 30s or 40s. Huntington’s usually results in psychiatric symptoms, progressive movement and thinking. No cure to this disease exists but physical therapy, drugs, and talk therapy can help manage Read MoreDisorders of the Nervous System: Huntington’s disease800 Words   |  4 PagesDisorders of the Nervous System: Huntington’s disease Huntington’s disease destroys the organs that carry the functions of the central nervous system. Kalat (2013) states, â€Å"Huntington disease (also known as Huntington disease or Huntington’s Chorea) is a severe neurological disorder that strikes about 1 person in 10,000 in the United States† (A.B. Young, 1995, p. 258).Individual’s develop the symptoms in their middle age, but even if it is a rare disorders juveniles as well as children before theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Huntington s Disease2653 Words   |  11 PagesHuntington’s disease INTRODUCTION AIM The aim of this project is to discuss the various components that shape Huntington’s disease. The efficiency of this paper will depend heavily on a brief but, comprehensive examination of past and future research that may offer plausible suggestions and explanations to the following four subtopics; the history of Huntington’s disease, anticipation and genetic markers of Huntington’s disease, symptoms and treatment of Huntington’s disease and finally livingRead MoreArgumentative +/- Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis1001 Words   |  5 Pagesyou that you re having trouble conceiving because of a genetic abnormality you never even knew you had. Your mind races and your heart sinks. How is this possible? You never thought you would have to deal with not being able to have a baby one day. There are several options you have to try and conceive without passing on the genetic abnormalityÂ… the doctor continues to explain, but the one I would recommend first i s Pre Implantation Genetic Diagnosis. You and your wife finally decide on PGD, a

Children And Parenting Styles Are Authoritarian,...

We all have had parents or caregivers that raised us in ways in which they thought would make us into good people. Some parent’s were very strick with their children, while some were the complete opposite. However, according to Balswick and Balswick (2014), †Children who grow up without adequate guidance become fertile ground for authoritarian leaders or cults that prey on neglected young people† (p. 113). Also, according to Wilson et al. (2011), maltreated children are in constant state of stress which can permanently damage their brains, speeding of slowing down emotional responses. So, how is a parent to raise a children so they are not preyed upon, abused nor neglected? Diana Baumrind, a clinical and developmental psychologist has tried to answer this question through her reserch. She studied children and thier parents and came up with four parenting styles. According to Berger (2014) those parenting styles are authoritarian, permissive and author itative. Authoritarian parents shows little support for their children and are very controlling (Balswick Balswick, 2014). They demand a kind of blind obedience from the children. Permissive parents are very supportive but have little control over their children (Balswick Balswick, 2014). This type of parent is reluctant to impose rules and standards, preferring to let their children to regulate themselves. Authoritative parenting occupies a sort of middle ground between granting too much freedom and beingShow MoreRelatedEssay about Parenting Styles745 Words   |  3 PagesParenting styles have been grouped into three different categories: authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. The authoritarian approach to parenting provides children with a clear set of rules which have to be followed without question or reason, while permissive parents constantly are giving into their child’s every wish. The authoritative parenting style gives children rules along with explanations for those rules, and reinforces good behavior. Therefore parents should make sure theRead MoreParenting Styles And Its Effect On Children Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagessituation or opinion based on how we were raised, or how we raise-or plan on raising-our own children. With this said it is undeniable that parenting styles and their effectiveness vary. In research, parenting styles have been split into four categories the authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and the uninvolved. Within these categories, researches have attempted to map the effectiveness of parenting styles and the positive and negative outcomes of each. Despite the eclectic and commonly erraticRead MoreWhat Kind Of Parenting Style Is The Best Overall Method For The Most Children? Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWhat kind of parenting style is the best overall method for the most children? That is the question that will be explored as the three major styles of parenting are examined throughout this essay. I will be analyzing these three styles known as permissive, authoritarian and authoritative parenting. Each style has various levels of what Diana Baumrind classified as demandingness and responsiveness. These characteristics determine which style or category of parenting that a person best fits. The conceptRead MoreAnalysis of Differing Parenting Styles796 Words   |  3 Pagesthree main styles of parenting widely accepted in the field of Psychology, which are authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. A fourth style, uninvolved/neglectful, is also being more widely recognized. The likes of Erickson and Baumrind have long since contributed to research efforts on the effects of parenting styles on child development. With numerous factors influencing both the parents and the child’s response to the parenting style is can be difficult to assess the best style for an optimalRead MoreChild Development Is An Inevitable Process For All Children1033 Words   |  5 PagesThere will come a time when a child learns how to sit, stand, talk and walk on his/her own. Children are adventurous specimen in the midst of child development. Child development is a process that all children encounter in order to reach their developmental milestones. Developmental milestones are sets of skills every child will learn at specific periods in his/her childhood. Because every child is unique, developmental milestones are not due to be achieved at the same time. Child development isRead MoreHow Does A Parent Decide Their Caregiving Style1516 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood is a time where children are greatly influenced by the world around them. Fellow peers, coaches, teachers and in particular parents all have the power to help shape a child’s world for better or worse. For parents in particular whether they are biological, nuclear, foster or adoptive have a heavy task through a child’s development. How does a parent decide their caregiving style? Of course it is not as simple as picking and choosing a preferred parenting style as it may depend on the childRead MoreThe Effects Of Parenting Styles On Kids1155 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent parenting techniques, one must look at the Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, and Lenient parenting techniques. Over the years parenting styles have changed drastically. In the mid twentieth century, parents weren’t as concerned about their children but as the years progressed on, parents became more aware of what was going on with their children and what their children were up to. According to AHA parenting, there are four types of parenting styles: Authoritarian, Authoritative, PermissiveRead MoreCause and Effects of Parenting Essay examples648 Words   |  3 PagesCause and Effects of Parenting Styles What are the cause and effects of different styles of parenting? Essentially, there are three types of parenting; authoritarian, authoritative and permissive. I believe there are no lines drawn in the sand separating these styles. In other words, a parent could actually entertain all three. I hope after reading this essay you will have a better understanding of the cause and effect of each style of parenting. The first style of parenting I will discuss isRead MoreThe Different Parenting Styles1024 Words   |  5 PagesParenting styles have been described as the collection of parents’ behaviors which create an atmosphere of parent-child interaction across situation (Mize and Petit, 1997). Darling and Steinberg (1993) defined parenting style as â€Å"a constellation of attitudes toward the child that are communicated to the child and that, taken together, create an emotional climate in which the parents’ behaviors have expressed.† Despite these challenges, researchers have uncovered convincing links between parentingRead MoreAs The Social, Emotional, And Academic Effects Can Vary1133 Words   |  5 Pagesvary in adolescents, the choice of parenting style should be an informed decision. Parenting style is â€Å"the emotional climate in which the parents’ behavior toward their children is expressed. It is in the context of this emotional climate that parentsâ €™ behavior influences children’s personality, consequently affecting their academic performance in school† (Litali). Psychologist Diana Baumrind identified four parenting styles based upon two aspects of parenting behavior, control and warmth or emotional

The Effects of Technology-based Instruction on the...

Review of Literature Introduction While the majority of studies of technology conducted in the field of education have more to do with the students’ ability to operate available technology, there is little research that attempts to determine on whether or not students can, through the use of technology affectively gain knowledge that goes beyond familiarity with the equipment itself. In the research conducted by Chang in 2008, the researchers revealed that students benefited from experience with technology in two interconnected ways. Students, with access to the Internet outside of school, were able to use this technology as a means of providing assistance with their schoolwork. Similarly, the students who used the Internet outside†¦show more content†¦Burns proclaims, â€Å"The focus is on the cognition and effect, on learning (on the acquisition, synthesis, accommodation, assimilation, generation, and transmission of new knowledge), and on the participant as a learner. Learning, in short, is out goal† (2007, p. 5, para, 3). Technology in the Core As mentioned before, it is very likely that the future of the human experience is going to be one that includes technology. Therefore, it is logical that there will be a need for the youth of today to be familiar with technology. â€Å"Technology implementation should be initiated at the core of curriculum planning and professional development opportunities should be made available to the teachers† (Ching 2009, p. 427 para. 1). In the study that was published, Ching (2009) addressed the incorporation of technology into all subjects within a curriculum. The study states, â€Å"The teachers, like the students, benefitted from interdisciplinary learning as it enhanced understanding of other subject areas and fostered appreciation of the knowledge and expertise of colleagues† (p.426, para. 3). Ching (2009) found that the incorporation of information technology beneficial to the learning outcome of the students who participated in the curriculum. Ac cording to Ching, â€Å"Results indicated that the experimental curriculum positively affected the academic performance of students by grade level and subject area† (p. 426, para.Show MoreRelatedStudents Are Not College And Career Ready Nationally1441 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Study Students are not college and career ready nationally and this is more than likely attributed to low reading abilities. This is an on-going problem that needs immediate attention. It is not a new problem but because of the advance changes and the technology driven mind of the 21st century we have a gap in our educational system. Introduction The probablilty of students struggling to become fluent readers is evident as early as prek which gives an insight on which students will be onRead More21st Century Classrooms Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is the view to link educational strategies, programs, initiatives, or technology to student achievement. There are many groups and organizations that are advocating for increased technology literacy. Generally in all aspects of our society, technology has revolutionized and in many ways simplified while enhancing our way of life. It is no surprise that the public expects that technology should have a similar effect on education. Over the past 20 years there have been so many advancements inRead MoreShould Schools Be Resistant? Technology Integration?1340 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Collins and Halverson (2009), schools can be resistant to technology integration, because it is inclined to intterupt traditional classroom practices. The teaching profession is known for its traditional procedures and practices. At the height of the technology boom, the majority of classroom teachers originated from a very different generation. According to National Commission on Teaching and America’s Future (2011), over half of today’s teachers are â€Å"baby boomers†, 50 years of ageRead MoreEssay on The Correlation Between Homework and Academic Success 1524 Words   |  7 Pagesprepared students entering the post-secondary arena; however, this correlation is weak and the opposition has equal ammunition to support that there is no correlation between homework and academic success. There have been movements to abolish homework as well as movements to increase homework. Research has been done to show how homework has a negative effect on students as well as how it has a positive effect. Homework may be beneficial to academic success, but must have meaning to the student, mustRead MoreAn Important Skill For First And Second Language Learn ers2209 Words   |  9 Pageswrite in the early years results in poor self-esteem for learners than any other cause (Casey, 2001). Computer technology proved to have many advantages for students with learning difficulties, including motivational aspects and development of fine motor skills (Casey, 2001). A review of the reading research in L1 and L2 on the effect of a variety of technologies on students achievement has shown two contradictory findings. The fist line of research found that use of technology had no significantRead MoreStudent Engagement And Learning Environment3455 Words   |  14 PagesThe use of technology tools is one of the key components to preparing learners for the 21st century. However, with the overwhelming abundance of technology tools and resources, educators are faced with the challenge of selecting and implementing the most effective tools that lead to the highest level of student learning. Although reading and writing text has been the focus of learning for thousands of years (Myers, 1996), developments and changes in technology have made a vast impact on recentRead MoreDisadvantages Of Distance Learning10300 Words   |  42 Pageseducational benefit of being able to teach students, regardless of geographical location, for more than two hundred year s. Distance learning was accessible as early as the 18th century in the form of mailed correspondence courses. Instructors conveyed assignments via packets mailed to students, who then completed the work and mailed them back for scoring. These primitive methods of distance education constrained the communication between instructor and student and rendered timely and effective feedbackRead MoreEssay on Impact of Technology on Student Achievement1827 Words   |  8 PagesOutline Topic: Impact of Technology on Student Achievement I. Introduction II. Ensuring Equitable Use of Technology for Educational Excellence III. Theorists Views on Technology as it relates to Student Achievement IV. Using Technology as a means of Meaningful Learning V. Summary, implications, and discussions Impact of Technology on Student Achievement There are several ways a teacher can measures student achievement. Teachers can use gradesRead MoreThe Education System Is A Revolving Door That Constantly Changes As Time1401 Words   |  6 Pageschanges as time progresses. Unfortunately, a major observation is the lack of effectiveness the traditional learning approach has on students. I’ve taken ten expert opinions from various academic articles to showcase different approaches to improve the education system. Some of these approaches include teacher evaluation, ample courses, and student access to higher technology. The education system will not improve until the student’s needs are a priority instead of regulation fulfillment. With these providedRead MoreEffective Reading and Writing Instruction Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesimportance of writing, many students are performing below grade level and lack the necessary skills needed to be successful (Zumbrunn Krause, 2012; Santangelo Olinghouse, 2009). There are many factors that shape students’ writing development but there are others that contribute to students’ writing problems. According to Graham (2008) and Zumbrunn Krause (2012), students and teachers both struggle to grasp the concept due to the complex nature of writing and writing instruction. Therefore, many factors

Buying behavior, TV advertisements, ethical and unethical. Free Essays

string(204) " areas whose minimum educational level would be the completion of GCE \(A/L\) and the advertisements done by companies who are operating in the FMCG sector inSri Lankawithin the time period of 2007-2008\." CHAPTER 1.1 INRODUCTION It is believed that the buying behavior of consumers can be influenced by vast promotions. Among all types of promotional techniques, TV promotions play a vital role in consumers’ buying behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Buying behavior, TV advertisements, ethical and unethical. or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Advertising perception has a significant impact on consumers’ intention to reject the products and the brand† (Chan et al, 2007). The marketers around the world use different kinds of promotion techniques as a tool of conveying the message about their products or services to the target consumers. Marketers tend to believe that all consumers around the world have similar needs as well as desires and that the global market is growing increasingly homogeneous (Chan et al, 2007). Therefore they try to capture the market through advertising without considering what customers expect from the firms. Due to the rapid growth in the media, all most all firms use TV as their media of promotion to grasp the target market. The Sri Lankan structure of advertising industry is also affected by globalization. At present, there are number of private and government advertising companies inSri Lanka. The advertising companies are also affected by the local FMCG companies. Due to the arising completion, companies should involve in vast promotions in order to capture the market before their competitors. It is believed that there is a relationship between TV promotions and buying behavior of consumers. In order to identify what the customer expects from marketers, it’s vital to carry out a research on how ethical and unethical TV advertisements affect on consumer buying behavior in FMCG industry inSri Lanka? 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT How ethical and unethical TV advertisements affect on consumer buying behavior in FMCG industry in Sri Lanka 1.3 PROBLEM JUSTIFICATION The companies that are operating in the FMCG industry inSri Lankashould focus on increasing their sales through identifying their customer expectations. Today almost all the organization around the world, use TV advertisements as a way of conveying the message about their product to the target market. Therefore it is important for marketers to identify the consumer perception about ethical and unethical TV advertisements and its impact on the company sales. Most of the companies do not analyze their customer expectations before they telecast their advertisements on TV. This has created a contradictory situation in the society which may result in negative perceptions about the product which is promoted through the advertisement. R.C. Earnest (2007), who conducted a research on ethnically targeted advertising, has found that â€Å"there were negative attitudinal, emotional, and behavioral reactions by those who are not targeted, which may result in a drop of sales.† With the arising competition, it’s important for organizations to find out the ways and means of satisfying customers in order to make the existing customer retain with the company and attract new customers through vast promotions. The level of understanding of what local customer expect from the marketers when they are doing their promotions through television is, questionable. It is important for organizations to understand and examine the impact of TV advertisements on consumer buying behavior in order to be successful in the future. 1.4 OBJECTIVES To identify how consumers react to unethical and ethical TV advertisements done by FMCG industry inSri Lanka. To find out the impact on buying behavior of the consumers depending on the ethicality and unethicality of the TV advertisements. To find out the relationship between different types of advertisements and buying behavior To find out what type of advertisements attracts more customers towards the product. To recommend alterations to enhance the quality of suitable TV advertisements inSri Lanka. 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Companies The buying behavior of the consumers would be analyzed with regard to the TV advertisements done by companies who are operating in the FMCG industry inSri Lanka. This study will enable the companies to understand their consumers and plan their future promotions in a way in which it will increase customers’ satisfaction. The study also emphasis on possible consequences that may arise in the long run if the company target only one ethnic or religious group in their advertisements. It will also enable the companies to get an idea about the effectiveness of using Indian and other foreign TV advertisements in Sri Lankan context. As this study enables to indentify customer’s perception of the ethical and unethical advertisements, the companies would be able to fulfill customer expectations by providing what customers perceive as ethical. It will create positive attitudes towards the product and the company, ensuring their sales would not drop as a result of an unethical advertisement. Consumers As the study focuses on customer perception regarding ethical and unethical advertisements, the customers will be able to watch TV advertisements without feeling uneasy and embarrassed and they wouldn’t become offended regarding controversial advertisements Further as the production of unethical advertisements diminishes due to the awareness created among the advertising firms through the study and the consumer would be able to grasp the exact message which the company wishes to deliver to the customers when the advertisement is devoid of unethical content. The study will provide an opportunity for the customers to express their views on ethical and unethical TV advertisements. Advertising firms As the study provides details regarding the factors that should be considered when producing TV advertisements for Sri Lankan audience, the advertisement firms will be benefited in terms of understanding the target audience and to be more responsible about the content of the advertisements. The study will specify on what is ethical and what is unethical in terms of customer perspective, which should be the main concern of the advertising firms. Through the provided recommendations the firms can improve the quality of their advertisements, meeting customer expectations which will enable them to serve the society better. 1.6 SCOPE AND THE LIMITATIONS OF THE STDY. Limitation associated with this study begins with the nature of sample, which are the working women in selected areas whose minimum educational level would be the completion of GCE (A/L) and the advertisements done by companies who are operating in the FMCG sector inSri Lankawithin the time period of 2007-2008. You read "Buying behavior, TV advertisements, ethical and unethical." in category "Essay examples" The above mentioned sample is selected based on following assumptions: As the society acceptance is more towards the working females, the data gathered through them would be more reliable. Minimum educational level is specified considering the fact that they are knowledgeable enough to distinguish what is ethical and unethical. Further the selected area would beColombomunicipal council and the time period is specified due to time limitation and ease of data gathering. The study is carried out considering only a group of customers which might cause biasness in the findings. Selection of TV as media of advertising and FMCG industry are limiting the study to one particular sector. CHAPTER 2 2.1LITERATURE â€Å"Ethics of advertising intends to ensure that advertisers and consumers co-exist without being harmed by the messages of advertisements.† Ethical advertising provides information regarding the product without harming any parties involved as well as people who watch.â€Å"Unethical advertising, by contrast, deceives consumers by concealing significant facts about a product or service.† Unethical do not satisfy the interests and expectations of the consumers (AcaDemon, 2008) 2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW Numbers of researches around the world have carried out research to find out if there exists a relationship between TV advertisements and the buying behavior. Implications for the Western World It is interesting to observe that TV advertisements have an impact on the Buying behaviors of the New Zealandcustomers. A group of researchers who carried out a research â€Å"to examine what influences perceptions of infomercial advertising effectiveness among a sample of actual infomercial buyers† (Martin et al, 2002), have found that the consumers included in the sample which was 2,670 customers who had bought one of six different products advertised within two weeks, has admitted that the infomercial advertisements (Appendix 1) had been effective in getting them to buy the product (Martin et al, 2002). Unlike most researchers, this group has identified a relationship between a demographic factor which is age and the buying behavior of the consumers. According to the findings of Martine et al, (2002) age impacted how consumers view infomercials, as did the product type purchased. Hypotheses Ho1 and Ha1 were developed according to the findings of this study. Barrio-Garcia Luque- Martinez (2003) who conducted a research inSpainhad focused on a different aspect of advertising. In contrast to the above mentioned group, this group has selected the comparative advertising in order to find out the relationship between TV advertisements and buying behavior of the consumers. The study was carried out on the objective of â€Å"to provide marketing professionals with a theoretical outline that will allow them to understand the persuasive mechanism that underlies comparative advertising effectiveness, helping them in their marketing decision-making processes† (Barrio-Garcia Luque- Martinez, 2003). Comparing to the above group, this group had identified a negative relationship between advertisements and buying behavior of the consumers. The findings of the study states that, â€Å"increase in comparative advertising intensity negatively affect towards the brands advertised and also purchase intensions† (Barrio-Garcia Luque- Martinez , 2003). In order to gather data, they have used relatively a small sample which consisted of 720 consumers selected from four geographical areas ofSpain. The finding of this study was utilized in order to develop Hypotheses Ho2 and Ha2. Petrovici Marinov (2007), two British researchers have also concentrated on how TV advertisements affect on buying behavior of the consumers. They have used a different approach to attempt the research objective which is â€Å"to explore the relationship between determinants and primary antecedents of advertising and attitudes to advertising in the context of European Union accession countries† (Petrovici Marinov, 2007). Even though the sample selected was small (797 respondents) comparing to New Zealand researches (sample of 2,670 respondents), this group has selected their sample from two different countries (Romania and Bulgaria) which helps to broaden their study further and their findings are more reliable as they have conducted face-to-face interviews with the respondents. It is proved that brand recognition and acquisition can be achieved through realistic, truthful and fair advertising (Petrovici Marinov, 2007). Hypotheses Ho3, Ha3 and Ho4, Ha4 were developed in rel ation to the findings of this study. Romani (2006) who conducted the research inItalyhas used different types of variables compared to other western researches to test the relationship between TV advertisements and buying behavior. The variables used in this study were, willingness to buy the advertised product, trustworthiness towards the source of information and completeness or clarity of price information contained in the advertisement. The researcher has used qualitative and experimental studies in order to identify the misleading price communication strategies and consumer response to those advertisements. The respondents sample were very small (480) compared to above mentioned studies which is a drawback of the study. The conclusions drawn from the study show that there is a negative relationship between price misleading advertisements and the customer’s willingness to buy and there is a positive relationship between trustworthiness towards the source of information. The objective of the study was to †Å"investigate consumers’ reactions to advertisements containing misleading information on price† (Romani, 2006). Development of hypotheses Ho5, Ha5 and Ho6, Ha6 were based on the findings of this study. Implications for Asian countries According to R.C. Earnest (2007), â€Å"Unintended audiences often view advertisements targeted at other groups and make decisions regarding the advertisement, brand and company behind the advertising which affect future consumer behavior†. The objective of the study was â€Å"to extend current knowledge on advertising effects on those not targeted by noting unintended consequences on attitudinal, emotional and behavioral reactions† R.C. Earnest (2007). A similar type of sample which Petrovici Marinov (2007), used in their study was utilized in order to gather data. Instead of selecting the sample from two countries, R.C. Earnest (2007) has selected the sample from two distinct ethnic groups (Malay and Chinese) inKuala Lumpur,Malaysia. A fair number of respondents (200 Chinese and 199 Malays) were selected from each group and data were gathered by means of a questionnaire which was based on fiction advertisements targeted at dominant and non- dominant ethnic groups inM alaysia. Hypotheses Ho7 and Ha7 were developed on the basis of findings of this study. Chan McNeal (2003) have concentrated on an atypical aspect of how TV advertisements influence on buying behavior of the consumers. They have emphasized on parent- child communications about consumption and advertising which distinguish their study from the others. Comparatively a large sample (1,665) of parents with children aged 6 to 14 were selected from 3 cities inChinaand a questionnaire is being distributed in order to gather data. Out of all the findings of their study most relevant finding to the current study is that, pluralistic and consensual parents take their children’s opinions about advertisements in to consideration when consuming certain products. Implications for neighbor country A study conducted by Fam Grosh (2007) has derived an interesting finding from the data they gathered using 1,000 urban young adults. Even the sample selected was relatively low compared to theMartin et al’s, (2002) study, the sample was drawn from five Asian countries includingIndia. The method that they have used to gather data was telephone interviews which distinguish this study from the above mentioned studies. The respondents were questioned on their thoughts about the TV advertisements that they liked, product that was being advertised and purchase intensions. The objective of the study was â€Å"to examine likeable executional techniques in advertising across five Asian countries and their impact on purchase intension† (Fam Grosh, 2007). The researchers found that unlike in the all other four countries India is the only country where the respondents’ react for the likeable executional tools and likeable attributes such as soft sell and relevant to me, ha s positively affected the respondents’ decision to buy more of a product/ brand after they exposure to the advertisement (Fam Grosh, 2007). Further most interesting finding of the study is that unlike in other countries Indian customers have responded negatively to advertisements in which children misbehave. Hypotheses Ho8 and 8were constructed with relevant to the findings of this study. Above discussed literature illustrates that advertisements have a significant impact on consumer buying behavior. CHAPTER 3 3.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The following variables are derived from the literature provided in chapter 2. Independent Variables Dependent Variables 3.2 HYPOTHESES Ho1: There is no relationship between infomercial advertisements and buying behavior. Ha1: There is a relationship between infomercial advertisements and buying behavior. Ho2: There is no relationship between Comparative Advertisements and buying behavior. Ha2: There is a relationship between Comparative Advertisements and buying behavior. Ho3: There is no relationship between Realistic Advertisements and buying behavior. Ha3: There is a relationship between Realistic Advertisements and buying behavior. Ho4: There is a negative relationship between Truthfulness of the information provided and thebuying behavior. Ha4: There is a positive relationship between Truthfulness of the information provided and thebuying behavior. H05: There is no relationship between Trustworthiness of the source and buying behavior. Ha5: There is a relationship between Trustworthiness of the source and buying behavior. Ho6: There is no relationship between Price misleading advertisements and buying behavior. Ha6: There is a relationship between Price misleading advertisements and buying behavior Ho7: There is a negative relationship between ethnically targeted advertisements and buying behavior. Ha7: There is a positive relationship between ethnically targeted advertisements and buying behavior. Ho8: There is a negative relationship between Children misbehaved advertisements and buying behavior. Ha8: There is a positive relationship between Children misbehaved advertisements and buying behavior. 3.3 METHODOLOGY Population, sampling and statistical approach will be discussed under this topic. 3.4 POPULATION AND SAMPLE. Selected population for in order to gather data is working women inColombodistrict with a minimum education level of G.C.E (A/L). Below diagram elaborates the selection of sample. The sampling method adapted is a proportionate probability area sampling technique. Where the selected sample of individuals was chosen based on their geographical location (Colombo District) and were further chosen based on if they were employed and had completed the G.C.E (A/L). Since the sample is larger than 35, hence, this can be categorized as a parametric test. Note: – 16.7% is the whole Female, employed and above G.C.E (A/L) rate 19,886,000 is the whole Sri Lankan population 2,421,000 is the wholeColombodistrict population 647,100 is the whole population ofColombomunicipal council 210,546 is the whole population of Dehiwala municipal council 117,563 is the whole population of Moratuwa municipal council 116366 is the whole population of Sri Jayewardenepura municipal council 3.5 STATISTICAL APPROCH According to the table provided in the Appendix 1, multiple regression analysis should be used to analyze data. Further Martine et al. (2002) also have used the multiple regression method to analyze data in their study. In order to gather data five point Likert scale would be adapted as previous researches, Chan McNeal (2003) and Martin et al (2002) have also used the same scale to gather data. CHAPTER 4 4.1 CONCLUSION The proposed study analyzes the impact of ethical and unethical TV advertisements on buying behavior of the consumers in FMCG industry inSri Lanka. Further the study analyses the relationship of how different types of TV advertisements affect on the buying behavior of the consumers using a sample of 104 working women inColombodistrict who have completed A/L examination. Literature review of the current study provides sufficient evidence of past researches which have discussed the similar relationships between the variables selected. Further the study enables the marketers to understand the customer well and as a result they will be able to fulfill consumer expectations through their advertisements. References Chan et al. 2007, ‘Consumers response to offensive advertising: a cross cultural study’, International Marketing Review, vol.24, no.5, pp.606-628. R.C. Earnest 2007, ‘Ethnically targeted advertising views of those not targeted’, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing, vol.19, no.3, pp.265-285. Martin et al. 2002, ‘Infomercials and advertising effectiveness: an empirical study’, Journal of consumer marketing, vol.19, no.6, pp.468-480. Barrio-Garcia Luque- Martinez 2003, ‘Modeling consumer response to differing levels of comparative advertising’, European Journal of Marketing, vol.37, no.1/2, pp.256-274. Petrovici Marinov 2007, ‘Determinants and antecedents of general attitudes towards advertising’, European Journal of Marketing, vol.41, no.3/4, pp.307-326. Romani 2006, ‘Price misleading advertising: effects on trustworthiness toward the source of information and willingness to buy’, Journal of product and brand management, vol.15, no.2, pp.130-138. Chan McNeal 2003, ‘Parent-child communications about consumption and advertising in China’, Journal of consumer marketing, vol.20, no.4, pp.317-334. Fam Grosh 2007, ‘Cultural values and effective executional techniques in advertising’, International Marketing Review, vol.24, no.5, pp.519-638. City population 2008, Sri Lanka , [Online], Available: http://www.citypopulation.de/SriLanka.html [Accessed 3rd December 2008] Department of Census statistics 2006, Bulletin of Labor Force Statistics, [Online], Available: http://www.statistics.gov.lk/samplesurvey/labourforce/mainpage.pdf [Accessed 3rd December 2008] AcaDemon 2008, ‘Papers on Ethical Advertising and similar term paper topics’, [Online], Available: http://www.academon.com/lib/paper/31480.html [Accessed 10th December 2008] Appendix (Statistical Approach) INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DATA TYPEDEPENDENT VARIABLE DATA TYPE:Buying behaviorSELECTED STATISTICAL METHOD INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 1:Infomercial advertisementsIntervalInterval Multiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE2:Comparative advertisementsInterval IntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE3:Realistic advertisements IntervalIntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE4:Truthfulness of the information providedIntervalIntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 5:Trustworthiness of the source IntervalIntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 6:Price misleading advertisements. IntervalIntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 7: Ethnically targeted advertisements IntervalIntervalMultiple Regression INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 8: Children’s misbehave advertisements IntervalIntervalMultiple Regression Appendix 2 (Operationalisation) Types of variables Measurement Questions/ Description Type of Data Independent Variables Infomercial advertisementsLikert ScaleI feel that infomercial advertisements make me buy the product compared to other advertisements.Interval Comparative advertisementsLikert ScaleComparative advertisements annoy meInterval Realistic AdvertisementsLikert ScaleI feel that realistic advertisements convince me more to buy the advertised product.Interval Truthfulness of the information provided in the advertisementsLikert ScaleI tend to purchase the product if the advertised information is trustworthy.Interval Trustworthiness of the sourceLikert ScaleI believe that TV advertisements are more reliable than other sources.Interval Price misleading advertisementsLikert ScalePrice misleading advertisements makes me reconsider when buying the relevant product.Interval Ethnically target advertisementsLikert ScaleAdvertisements targeting an ethnic group discourage me to purchase the product.Interval Children misbehave in advertisementsLikert ScaleI reject buying products that are advertised using children’s misbehaviour.Interval Dependant Variable Buying BehaviourLikert ScaleTelevision advertisements encourage me to buy the relevant products.Interval How to cite Buying behavior, TV advertisements, ethical and unethical., Essay examples

Development Phase Essay Example For Students

Development Phase Essay The first half of the stage is the attic of George and Ellas semi-detached house in Salford Manchester, everyone in their neighbourhood is white. The stage is divided into two parts, the attic is slightly raised, and a step ladder is needed to reach it. This contrasts to the other half of the stage, set in the war time, an Anderson bomb shelter. The whole stage must give the impression of a dark and musty place. The attic is littered with objects- ancient mobiles, toys and bric-a-brac, there are also boxes stacked against the walls. Whereas the bomb shelter is empty except for piles of yellowing newspaper and a couple of mouldy blankets. Whilst in blackout  Ella: Meenah  Silence  MEENAH?  Meenah: Did you say something mam?  Ella: I have some boxes I need you to take up to the attic for me.  Meenah: In a minute, Im just  Ella: Not in a minute, NOW  Meenah: Alright alright, Im coming!  Ella: mutters audibly I should think you are!  Lights are up on the attic, Meenah Enters.  Meenah: she is heaving a box, her footsteps are loud and heavy, she is muttering angrily to herself why is it always me? She drops the box and a newspaper, a book of ration tickets and a necklace fall out The boys never have to do anyth- she pauses, bends down and picks up the newspaper Junk! Me Mams making me cart up her junk! She begins to read 8th of September 1940- Wow, This is old! The county borough of West Ham faces heavy bombing, this is expected to continue Lights go down on this half of the stage. A siren sounds and the other half of the stage lights up to reveal freezing people, from war time London they are huddled in blankets. A young blonde is huddled in the centre, a spotlight is on her. George Enters.  George: Gesturing to the candle in front of her Madam, Excuse me. Can I be sharing your light?  Ella: teeth chattering Oh, youre welcome to. Here, have a bit of blanket too.  George: Thank you! England is very cold.  Pause. They glance at each other, then quickly away.  Ella: What is your name? George: Hello, I is George, George Kahn. I am Pakistani come from. He holds out his hand How do you do?  Ella: gives a nervous laugh Im Ella, pleased to meet you  Pause  So, what brings you to England?  George: Work! Work in Pakistan is too hard, when man needs to provide for a family it is better to start business in England. So I coming here, need many many money for family.  Ella: Oh okay She moves slightly closer to him well, thats nice Ella smiles at him.  George: confused Yes, I am nice man. One day, I am having big business. I am having many many children and they will respect their father and help me in my business. Ella: sighing Ive always dreamed of having a big family.  Blackout and a siren sounds.  Now there is a series of freeze frames to symbolize the passing of time, in each frame George and Ella must be together whilst everyone around them changes. Sometimes they are by themselves but other times there is someone sitting with them. They must be happy and smiling contrasting to the other miserable faces and their situation.  Lights up, we see George sitting where Ella was, Ella runs in, looks around and when she spots him she adjusts her hair and walks collectedly over to him, without realising she drops her ration tickets . Ella: Fancy meeting you here again! All this bombing, fluttering eyelashes flirtatiously terrible! Isnt it?  George: Yes, many bad, many dangerous  George sees the fallen ration tickets and picks them up, he is about to give them to her when a stranger approaches, instead he puts them in his pocket.  Stranger: Good evening, I hope you dont mind but, can I join you?  Ella: slightly irritated at the intrusion No, no, of course not! Come, have a bit of blanket.  Stranger: Opening a newspaper look were in for more bombing. Did you hear about those dirty tactics those bloody Germans are using? .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .postImageUrl , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:hover , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:visited , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:active { border:0!important; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:active , .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4 .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda48a43345690881eac4e66bf8751aa4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A View From The Bridge essay exampleElla: snaps No, what did they do this time?  Stranger: Oblivious to Ellas annoyance they put glass in our soldiers bandages, re-opening their wounds instead of healing them!  George: Shaking his head Bloody, testing out his new word again Bloody Germans, Bloody Stupy Germans.  Ella: laughing at George When in England do as the English do.  The stranger rolls his eyes and resumes reading the newspaper.  George: Ella, you is cold? You is Appears to be searching for the right word  Ella: Shivering? Yes, Im absolutely freezing. I want my nice warm bed; weve been spending every night in this dreary hole in the ground.  George: P ulling off his jumper here, you is being warmer. Ella: Oh, you shouldnt have You dont have to Thank you.  George: Pulling the book of ration tickets out of his pocket here, you is dropping this.  They snuggle up to each other  Blackout and the lights come up on the other half of the stage where Meenah is flipping through the book of ration tickets.  Meenah: Why on earth would mam want to keep any of this!